5
The EPV proportionally controlled
two–way valve is of the poppet type and
is well suited for screw–in cartridge
design (see Figures 1 and 2). The main
poppet amplifies a small flow through
the pilot circuit and is comparable to a
transistor. As the transistor uses small
currents to control larger currents, the
hydraulic valve transistor or VALVISTOR
uses the pilot flow to control the main
stage flow with servo–like response.
Hydraulic position feedback is
obtained by providing the poppet with
a longitudinal slot (5) in its cylindrical
surface. This slot, together with a
metering edge inside the sleeve, forms
a variable orifice between the inlet of
the valve and the volume above the
main poppet (3). When the valve is
closed and the main poppet is sealed,
the variable orifice area is also closed.
As the main poppet opens, the variable
orifice area increases. The slot is a
part of one leg of a hydraulic bridge
circuit and provides an internal
position feedback. A pilot valve (4) is
connected between the volume (3) and
the valve outlet (2).
Assume the pilot valve is closed and
there is no pilot flow through the slot in
the piston. The pressure above the
main poppet, in volume (3) is equal to
the pressure of the inlet (1) of the valve.
This is due to a slight leakage in the
variable orifice. Since the area of the
poppet facing the volume (3) is larger than
the area facing the inlet (1), the poppet is
held to the seat (6) by a force which is
proportional to the pressure difference
between inlet (1) and outlet (2).
Opening the pilot valve (4) lowers the
pressure in the upper volume (3). This
moves the main poppet upwards and
opens the slot, forming the variable
orifice (See figure 2.). This causes a
flow through the pilot circuit. Initially,
the flow through the pilot valve equals
the flow through the slot plus the flow
resulting from the opening movement
of the main poppet.
The main poppet will move upwards as
long as the flow through the slot is less
than the flow through the pilot valve.
Because of the metering area of the
slot, the variable orifice increases as
the main poppet opens, and the flow
through the slot increases. The
movement of the main poppet stops
when the flow through the slot is
equal to the flow through the pilot
valve. The main poppet is now in a
steady state position.
If the flow through the pilot valve
decreases (by closing the pilot valve)
the main poppet will move downward
and close off the slot until a new
balanced position has been obtained.
Thus, by controlling the flow through the
pilot valve, we can continuously control
the position of the main poppet from a
closed to a fully open position. In this
manner, very simple servo control of the
main poppet has been obtained.
By opening the main poppet, with its
much larger flow area, we can control
the much larger main flow across the
valve with a relatively small pilot flow.
Notably, the pilot flow is added to the
main flow in the outlet of the valve.
Therefore, the valve will not use any
flow for its control function and is
energy efficient.
If the outlet pressure is larger than
the inlet pressure, and if the pilot is
closed; the main poppet will act as a
check valve and reverse flow will
take place.
WARNING: Ensure screw
override is in the neutral
position prior to activating
this valve.
Figure 2. EPV with pilot valve open.
1
INLET
2
OUTLET
5
4
3
6