GEAR FLOW
DIVIDERS
Edition: 03/01.2013PLD 03 T A
CASAPPA S.p.A.
Via Balestrieri, 1
43044 Cavalli di Collecchio - Parma (Italy)
Tel. +39 0521 304111
Fax +39 0521 804600
E-mail: info@casappa.com
www.casappa.com
Replaces: PLD 02 T A
2 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
03/01.2013
INDEX
Section Page
GENERAL FEATURES ............................................................................................................3
GENERAL DATA .................................................................................................................. 5
FLOW EQUALIZER ............................................................................................................... 6
FLOW DIVIDERS ................................................................................................................. 8
TYPICAL CIRCUITS ............................................................................................................. 10
NOTES ABOUT COMPOSITION ................................................................................................ 12
PORTS DIMENSIONS . ......................................................................................................... 14
GROUP DIMENSIONS .......................................................................................................... 16
HOW TO ORDER ................................................................................................................. 20
O Modication from former edition.
D024-004 ID02 3
Polaris
Modern machinery with increasingly complex circuits often needs combinations of separate and independent move-
ments. POLARIS 10 and POLARIS 20 flow dividers provide technically advanced, low cost power transmission and
solve application problems wherever hydraulic flow has divided. In line with our policy of simplifying the design of
hydraulic circuits, our flow dividers have relief valves built into limit pressure and prevent cavitation.
These components permit hydraulic circuits to be cleverly optimised and reduce installation costs. The POLARIS flow
dividers are two or more section dividers with a common internal connecting shaft. This maintains a constant ratio
between the flows through each section in accordance with section displacement. Theoretical working of rotary flow
dividers do not dissipate energy in fact if the outlet pressure of one section drops below input pressure, that section
operates as a motor and takes energy from the fluid. This energy is not wasted but transferred by the common shaft
to the other sections which operate as pumps and therefore need outlet pressure to be greater than inlet pressure. In
working conditions, overall efficiencies depend on the sum of the single sections efficiency.
These products can therefore be used as flow equalizers, flow dividers and pressure intensifiers as shown in the table
below.
DISLPACEMENTS
From 0.122 in
3
/rev (2 cm
3
/rev)
To 1.99 in
3
/rev (32,6 cm
3
/rev)
PRESSURE
Max. continuous 3600 psi (250 bar)
Max. peak 4000 psi (280 bar)
GENERAL FEATURES
Modular design
Accurate division of flow
Compact overall dimension
Built-in relief valve
Outlet pressure Sections with same displacement Sections with different displacement
Same Flow equalizers Flow dividers
Different
Flow equalizers Flow dividers
Pressure intensifiers
Fluid
Mineral oil based hydraulic fluids to DIN 51524.
For other fluids please consult our sales department.
Fluid temperature range °F (°C)
-13 (-25) to +176 (+80) with Buna N seals
-13 (-25) to +230 (+110) con guarnizioni in Viton V
Fluid viscosity range SSU (mm
2
/s cSt)
55 (12) to 455 (100) recommended
Up to 3409 (750) permitted
O 03/01.2013 Replaces: 02/11.2000
Working pressure psi (bar)
Δp < 2030
Δp < (140)
2030 < Δp < 3045
(140) < Δp < (200)
Δp > 3045
Δp > (210)
Contamination class NAS 1638 10 9 8
Contamination class ISO 4406:1999 21/19/16 20/18/15 19/17/14
Achieved with filter ß
10
(c) ≥ 75 according to ISO 16889 - 10 μm 10 μm
Achieved with filter ß
25
(c) ≥ 200 according to ISO 16889 25 μm - -
O
Casappa consiglia i filtri della
propria produzione:
4 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
GENERAL FEATURES OF RELIEF VALVES
Adjustable felief valves are available on request.
Relief valves allow the actuators to realign at the end of each cycle in both flow directions. As an example when the
cylinders extend, they may not all reach their end stops exactly at the same time. In this case as soon as one cylinder
reaches its stop, the relief valve in that section directs fluid to tank until all the other cylinders reach their stops. While
retroacting the relief valve acts as check valve and opens to prevent cavitation.
Relief settings valve and their identification code are listed in the table below.
Stamp code
Δp nominal setting
2.64 US gpm (10 l/min)
Δp minimum begin opening valve
psi (bar) psi (bar)
34
508 (35)
465 (32)
4
725 (50)
667 (46)
22
870 (60)
783 (54)
23
1015 (70)
957 (66)
6
1160 (80)
1102 (76)
7
1450 (100)
1392 (96)
17
1740 (120)
1682 (116)
8
1813 (125)
1740 (120)
9
2030 (140)
1958 (135)
26
2175 (150)
2103 (145)
10
2320 (160)
2248 (155)
11
2538 (175)
2465 (170)
35
2610 (180)
2523 (174)
12
2755 (190)
2668 (184)
33
2987 (206)
2886 (199)
14
3045 (210)
2944 (203)
15
3335 (230)
3219 (222)
16
3625 (250)
3509 (242)
27
3770 (260) 3654 (252)
20
4060 (280) 3930 (271)
Tightening torque
442 lbf in
(50 Nm)
02/11.2000
D024-004 ID02 5
Polaris
GENERAL DATA
Type
Displacement
Max. outlet pressure
Max. outlet
Δp between
sections (1)
Speed Flow per section
p
1
p
2
min. max. min. max.
in
3
/rev (cm
3
/rev) psi (bar) psi (bar) min
-1
US gpm (l/min)
PLD 10•2
0.12 (2) 3600 (250) 4000 (280) 3000 (200) 1250 4200 0.70 (2,65) 2.35 (8,9)
PLD 10•3,15
0.19 (3,1) 3600 (250) 4000 (280) 3000 (200) 1205 3990 1.05 (3,99) 3.49 (13,2)
PLD 10•4
0.24 (4) 3600 (250) 4000 (280) 3000 (200) 1175 3840 1.32 (4,98) 4.28 (16,2)
PLD 10•5
0.30 (4,9) 3600 (250) 4000 (280) 3000 (200) 1140 3680 1.60 (6,04) 5.15 (19,5)
PLD 10•6,3
0.38 (6,2) 3600 (250) 4000 (280) 3000 (200) 1100 3500 1.93 (7,29) 6.13 (23,2)
PLD 20•4
0.29 (4,8) 3600 (250) 4000 (280) 3000 (200) 1250 4100 1.63 (6,16) 5.34 (20,2)
PLD 20•6,3
0.39 (6,5) 3600 (250) 4000 (280) 3000 (200) 1235 3970 2.15 (8,12) 6.90 (26,1)
PLD 20•8
0.50 (8,3) 3600 (250) 4000 (280) 3000 (200) 1220 3850 2.66 (10,05) 8.36 (31,65)
PLD 20•11,2
0.67 (11,1) 3600 (250) 4000 (280) 3000 (200) 1200 3660 3.55 (13,42) 10.79 (40,85)
PLD 20•14
0.87 (14,4) 3600 (250) 4000 (280) 3000 (200) 117 5 3460 4.50 (17,03) 13.22 (50,02)
PLD 20•16
1.01 (16,6) 3000 (200) 3300 (280) 3000 (200) 116 0 3335 5.14 (19,47) 14.76 (55,88)
PLD 20•20
1.27 (20,8) 3000 (200) 3300 (280) 3000 (200) 1130 3125 6.30 (23,83) 17.36 (65,7)
PLD 20•25
1.58 (26) 3000 (200) 3300 (280) 3000 (200) 1100 2900 7.64 (28,9) 20.13 (76,21)
PLD 20•31,5
1.99 (32,6) 3000 (200) 3300 (280) 3000 (200) 1060 2660 9.20 (34,84) 23.09 (87,39)
03/01.2013
p
1
= Max. continuous pressure p
2
= Max. peak pressure
(1): Pressure intensifiers can work at high pressure betweem sections.
For working conditions outside the recommended limits shown in the table, please consult our sales department.
Max. flow for
inlet section
l/min
PLD 10
9.25 US gpm (35 l/min)
PLD 20
21.14 US gpm (80 l/min)
6 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
FLOW EQUALIZERS (WITH EQUAL DISPLACEMENTS)
Flow accuracy equalizers is within ± 2 % if they are rotating in the recommended speed range and the differential
pressure between sections is less than 1450 psi (100 bar). When several single acting cylinders are operated toge-
ther, acting on loads have not sufficient mass to win the circuit’s resistance, we recommend a further gear section
acting as a motor in order to guarantee the cylinders retract. The displacement of this motor should be roughly equal
to the sum of the displacements of the other sections. Two typical circuit diagrams of applications where flow equali-
zers are utilized will be found on page 10.
Q
0
= Q
1
+ Q
2
.....+ Q
n
p
0
Q
0
= p
1
Q
1
+ p
2
Q
2
.....+ p
n
Q
n
V
(...)
=
1000 Q
(...)
n
Assume that it is necessary to supply power to two cylinders that require a flow rate of 10.6 US gpm (40 l/min) each.
For simplicity’s sake we will ignore pressure losses and the compression factor of the fluid. The pump must deliver a
flow equal to: Q
0
= Q
1
+ Q
2
= 21.2 US gpm (80 l/min). To find the displacement of the two sections of the flow equalizer,
simply locate the flow rate 21.2 US gpm (80 l/min) on the X axis and then ascend vertically until the line correspon-
ding to the number of sections (2) is encountered; now trace a horizontal line to the right until encountering the lines
referring to displacement. Select the displacement with the point of intersection on the graph that lies nearest to the
maximum speed in optimum performance range.
DISPLACEMENT SELECTION GUIDE EXAMPLE
V
in
3
/rev (cm
3
/rev) Displacement
Q
US gpm (l/min) Flow
p
psi (bar) Pressure
n
min
-1
Speed
02/11.2000
D024-004 ID02 7
Polaris
DISPLACEMENT SELECTION GUIDE
PLD 10PLD 20
Performance range
Optimum performance range
Each curve has been obtained at 122°F (50°C), using oil with viscosity 212 SSU (36 mm
2
/s) at 104°F (40°C).
02/11.2000
8 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
FLOW DIVIDERS (WITH UNEQUAL DISLPACEMENTS)
Flow dividers are used where the same pump must drive several different actuators requiring different pressures and
flow rates. The displacement of each section must be proportional to the flow rate required by the actuator to which
it is connected. Two typical circuit diagrams of applications where flow dividers are utilized will be found on page 11.
Q
0
= Q
1
+ Q
2
.....+ Q
n
p
0
Q
0
= p
1
Q
1
+ p
2
Q
2
.....+ p
n
Q
n
V
(...)
=
1000 Q
(...)
n
Assume two actuators must be driven using 13.2 US gpm (50 l/min) and 5.3 US gpm (20 l/min) respectively. To find
the displacement of the flow divider sections, simply locate the flow rates in question on the Y axis and then move
across horizontally until the lines corresponding to the displacement are encountered. Select a displacement with
points of intersection aligned as near as possible vertically, and the nearest to the maximum speed in optimum per-
formance range.
DISPLACEMENT SELECTION GUIDE EXAMPLE
V
in
3
/rev (cm
3
/rev) Displacement
Q
US gpm (l/min) Flow
p
psi (bar) Pressure
n
min
-1
Speed
02/11.2000
D024-004 ID02 9
Polaris
DISPLACEMENT SELECTION GUIDE
PLD 10
Each curve has been obtained at 122°F, using oil with viscosity 212 SSU at 104°F.
PLD 20
Performance range
Optimum performance range
02/11.2000
10 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
TYPICAL CIRCUITS FOR FLOW EQUALIZERS (WITH EQUAL DISPLACEMENTS)
Diagram with a flow equalizer operating double acting cylinders. Diagram with a flow equalizer operating single acting cylinders.
02/11.2000
D024-004 ID02 11
Polaris
TYPICAL CIRCUITS FOR FLOW DIVIDERS (WITH UNEQUAL DISPLACEMENTS)
Diagram with a flow divider permitting the use of a single pump to drive a number of different actuators requiring flows
at different pressures.
02/11.2000
12 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
NOTES ABOUT COMPOSITION
Flow divider sections are arranged in descending displacements or groups with the largest displacement to the left
as viewed from the outlet ports side. Standard formats of flow dividers are given beneath; for different configurations
please consult our sales department.
STANDARD COMPOSITION FOR 5 SECTIONS
COMPOSITION WITH ADDITIONAL INLET SECTION
CS
Left inlet section kit
E
Section
I
Intermediate kit flange
CI
Intermediate inlet section kit
T
End cover kit
CD
Additional right inlet section kit
(only for high delivery)
Max. flow for
inlet section
l/min
PLD 10
35
PLD 20
80
Tightening
torque
lbf in (Nm)
PLD 10
221 (25)
PLD 20
442 (50)
02/11.2000
D024-004 ID02 13
Polaris
STANDARD COMPOSITIONS FOR SECTIONS WITH OR WITHOUT VALVE
2 SECTIONS WITH 1 INLET SECTION
3 SECTIONS WITH 1 INLET SECTION
4 SECTIONS WITH 1 INLET SECTION
5 SECTIONS WITH 2 INLET SECTIONS
6 SECTIONS WITH 2 INLET SECTIONS
Note:
Combinations between different groups (PLD10 / PLD20) are available.
For more informations please consult our technical sales department.
02/11.2000
14 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
PORTS DIMENSIONS
IN
Inlet port
OUT
Outlet port
T
Drain port
T1
Additional drain port
PORTS
TYPE
GAS BSPP SAE ODT
IN OUT T - T1 IN OUT T - T1
PLD 10•2
GD GC GC OB OA OA
PLD 10•3,15
PLD 10•4
PLD 10•5
PLD 10•6,3
PLD 20•4
GE GD GD OD OC OB
PLD 20•6,3
PLD 20•8
PLD 20•11,2
PLD 20•14
PLD 20•16
PLD 20•20
PLD 20•25
PLD 20•31,5
02/11.2000
D024-004 ID02 15
Polaris
PORTS DIMENSIONS
SAE STRAIGHT THREAD PORTS J514 ODT
American straight thread UNC-UNF 60° conforms to ANSI B 1.1
Tightening torque for low pressure side port
Tightening torque for high pressure side port [values obtained at 5075 psi (350 bar)]
GAS STRAIGHT THREAD PORTS BSPP
British standard pipe parallel (55°) conforms to UNI - ISO 228
O 03/01.2013 Replaces: 02/11.2000
CODE
Nominal
size
A
Ø B
mm
(in)
Nm
(lbf in)
Nm
(lbf in)
GC
3/8” G 3/8
14
(0.551)
15
+1
(133 ÷ 142)
25
+1
(221 ÷ 230)
GD
1/2” G 1/2
14
(0.551)
20
+1
(177 ÷ 186)
50
+2,5
(443 ÷ 465)
17 ()
(0.669)
GE
3/4” G 3/4
18
(0.709)
—
90
+5
(797 ÷ 841)
() For POLARIS 20
O
CODE
Nominal
size
A
Ø B
mm
(in)
Nm
(lbf in)
Nm
(lbf in)
OA
3/8” 9/16” - 18 UNF - 2B
15
(0.591)
15
+1
(133 ÷ 142)
25
+1
(221 ÷ 230)
OB
1/2” 3/4” - 16 UNF - 2B
15
(0.591)
20
+1
(177 ÷ 186)
45
+2,5
(398 ÷ 420)
OC
5/8” 7/8” - 14 UNF - 2B
17
(0.669)
—
70
+5
(620 ÷ 664)
OD
3/4” 1 1/16” - 12 UNF - 2B
20
(0.787)
120
+10
(1062 ÷ 1151)
O
16 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
SAME GROUP DIMENSIONS PLD 10
IN and OUT ports dimensions are shown on page 14 and page 15.
O
O 03/01.2013 Replaces: 02/11.2000
Type
A B C D E
mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in)
PLD 10•2
50,2 (1.976) 19,2 (0.756) 31,2 (1.228) 41,8 (1.646) 40,3 (1.587)
PLD 10•3,15
52 (2.047) 21 (0.827) 33 (1.299) 43,6 (1.717) 42,1 (1.657)
PLD 10•4
53,4 (2.102) 22,4 (0.882) 34,4 (1.354) 45 (1.772) 43,5 (1.713)
PLD 10•5
55 (2.165) 24 (0.945) 36 (1.417) 46,6 (1.835) 45,1 (1.776)
PLD 10•6,3
57 (2.244) 26 (1.024) 38 (1.496) 48,6 (1.913) 47,1 (1.854)
D024-004 ID02 17
Polaris
O 03/01.2013 Replaces: 02/11.2000
SAME GROUP DIMENSIONS WITH VALVE PLD 10
IN, OUT and T ports dimensions are shown on page 14 and page 15.
O
Type
A B C D E
mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in)
PLD 10•2
50,2 (1.976) 19,2 (0.756) 31,2 (1.228) 41,8 (1.646) 40,3 (1.587)
PLD 10•3,15
52 (2.047) 21 (0.827) 33 (1.299) 43,6 (1.717) 42,1 (1.657)
PLD 10•4
53,4 (2.102) 22,4 (0.882) 34,4 (1.354) 45 (1.772) 43,5 (1.713)
PLD 10•5
55 (2.165) 24 (0.945) 36 (1.417) 46,6 (1.835) 45,1 (1.776)
PLD 10•6,3
57 (2.244) 26 (1.024) 38 (1.496) 48,6 (1.913) 47,1 (1.854)
18 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
SAME GROUP DIMENSIONS PLD 20
IN and OUT ports dimensions are shown on page 14 and page 15.
O
Type
A B C D E
mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in)
PLD 20•4
60,8 (2.394) 25,5 (1.016) 36,8 (1.449) 58,8 (2.315) 69,8 (2.748)
PLD 20•6,3
62 (2.441) 27 (1.063) 38 (1.496) 60 (2.362) 71 (2.795)
PLD 20•8
63,3 (2.492) 28,3 (1.114) 39,3 (1.547) 61,3 (2.413) 72,3 (2.846)
PLD 20•9
63,9 (2.516) 28,9 (1.138) 39,9 (1.571) 61,9 (2.437) 72,9 (2.870)
PLD 20•11,2
65,5 (2.579) 30,5 (1.201) 41,5 (1.634) 63,5 (2.500) 74,5 (2.933)
PLD 20•14
68 (2.677) 33 (1.299) 44 (1.732) 66 (2.598) 77 (3.031)
PLD 20•16
69,8 (2.748) 34,8 (1.370) 45,8 (1.803) 67,8 (2.669) 78,8 (3.102)
PLD 20•20
73 (2.874) 38 (1.496) 49 (1.929) 71 (2.795) 82 (3.228)
PLD 20•25
77 (3.031) 42 (1.654) 53 (2.087) 75 (2.795) 86 (3.386)
PLD 20•31,5
82 (3.228) 47 (1.850) 58 (2.283) 80 (3.150) 91 (3.583)
O 03/01.2013 Replaces: 02/11.2000
D024-004 ID02 19
Polaris
O 03/01.2013 Replaces: 02/11.2000
SAME GROUP DIMENSIONS WITH VALVE PLD 20
IN, OUT and T ports dimensions are shown on page 14 and page 15.
Type
A B C D E
mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in) mm (in)
PLD 20•4
60,8 (2.394) 25,5 (1.016) 36,8 (1.449) 58,8 (2.315) 69,8 (2.748)
PLD 20•6,3
62 (2.441) 27 (1.063) 38 (1.496) 60 (2.362) 71 (2.795)
PLD 20•8
63,3 (2.492) 28,3 (1.114) 39,3 (1.547) 61,3 (2.413) 72,3 (2.846)
PLD 20•9
63,9 (2.516) 28,9 (1.138) 39,9 (1.571) 61,9 (2.437) 72,9 (2.870)
PLD 20•11,2
65,5 (2.579) 30,5 (1.201) 41,5 (1.634) 63,5 (2.500) 74,5 (2.933)
PLD 20•14
68 (2.677) 33 (1.299) 44 (1.732) 66 (2.598) 77 (3.031)
PLD 20•16
69,8 (2.748) 34,8 (1.370) 45,8 (1.803) 67,8 (2.669) 78,8 (3.102)
PLD 20•20
73 (2.874) 38 (1.496) 49 (1.929) 71 (2.795) 82 (3.228)
PLD 20•25
77 (3.031) 42 (1.654) 53 (2.087) 75 (2.795) 86 (3.386)
PLD 20•31,5
82 (3.228) 47 (1.850) 58 (2.283) 80 (3.150) 91 (3.583)
O
20 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
HOW TO ORDER
Only for version
with valve
Series /
Left inlet
section
/ Section / Section /
Interm. inlet
section
/ Section /
Right inlet
section
/ Relief valve
1 Series
Code
Polaris 10 PLD 10
Polaris 20 PLD 20
2 Number of sections
Code
From 2 to 6 sections 2 ... 6
3 Standard side inlet section
Code
Left inlet section (1) CS
4 Inlet port dimensions
Code
GAS STRAIGHT THREAD PORTS (BSPP)
PLD 10 GD
PLD 20 GE
SAE STRAIGHT THREAD PORTS (ODT)
PLD 10 OB
PLD 20 OD
5 Displacement
Code
PLD 10
0.12 in
3
/rev (2 cm
3
/rev) PLD 10•2
0.19 in
3
/rev (3,1 cm
3
/rev) PLD 10•3,15
0.24 in
3
/rev (4 cm
3
/rev) PLD 10•4
0.30 in
3
/rev (4,9 cm
3
/rev) PLD 10•5
0.38 in
3
/rev (6,2 cm
3
/rev) PLD 10•6,3
PLD 20
0.29 in
3
/rev (4,8 cm
3
/rev) PLD 20•4
0.39 in
3
/rev (6,5 cm
3
/rev) PLD 20•6,3
0.50 in
3
/rev (8,3 cm
3
/rev) PLD 20•8
0.67 in
3
/rev (11,1 cm
3
/rev) PLD 20•11,2
0.88 in
3
/rev (14,4 cm
3
/rev) PLD 20•14
1.01 in
3
/rev (16,6 cm
3
/rev) PLD 20•16
1.27 in
3
/rev (20,8 cm
3
/rev) PLD 20•20
1.58 in
3
/rev (26 cm
3
/rev) PLD 20•25
1.99 in
3
/rev (32,6 cm
3
/rev) PLD 20•31,5
Code
Outlet port dimensions 6
GAS STRAIGHT THREAD PORTS (BSPP)
GC PLD 10
GD PLD 20
SAE STRAIGHT THREAD PORTS (ODT)
OA PLD 10
OC PLD 20
Code
Intermediate inlet section (2) 7
CI Intermediate inlet section
Code
Supplementary inlet section (2) 8
CD Right inlet section (1)
Code
Relief valve 9
VPEF Relief valve
Code
Valve setting [bar] 10
... See page 4
Code
T outlet port dimensions 11
GAS STRAIGHT THREAD PORTS (BSPP)
GC PLD 10
GD PLD 20
SAE STRAIGHT THREAD PORTS (ODT)
OA PLD 10
OB PLD 20
Code
Seals 12
... Buna (3)
V Viton
(1) Looking at the sections from the outlet ports side.
(2) Choice the inlet selections number according to the general data
on page 12 and 13.
(3) Omit this code for Buna seals.
Our policy is one of continuous improvement in product. Specification of items may, therefore, be changed without
notice.
1 2 3 4 5 6 5 6 7 4 5 6 8 4 9 10 11 12
PLD 20 / 3 / CS - GE / 25 - GD / 25 - GD / CI - GE / 25 - GD / CD - GE / VPEF - 50 - GD - V
02/11.2000
D024-004 ID02 21
Polaris
NOTES
22 ID02 D024-004
Polaris
NOTES
Our policy is one of continuous improvement in product. Specification of items may, therefore, be changed without
notice.
GEAR FLOW
DIVIDERS
Edition: 03/01.2013PLD 03 T A
CASAPPA S.p.A.
Via Balestrieri, 1
43044 Cavalli di Collecchio - Parma (Italy)
Tel. +39 0521 304111
Fax +39 0521 804600
E-mail: info@casappa.com
www.casappa.com
Replaces: PLD 02 T A
